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Terra Australis
Terra Australis (Latin for ''South Land'') was a hypothetical continent first posited in Antiquity and which appeared on maps between the 15th and 18th centuries. Although the landmass was drawn onto maps, Terra Australis was not based on any actual surveying of such a landmass but rather based on the hypothesis that continents in the Northern Hemisphere should be balanced by land in the south.〔John Noble Wilford: The Mapmakers, the Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to Space Age, p. 139, Vintage Books, Random House 1982, ISBN 0-394-75303-8〕 This theory of balancing land has been documented as soon as the 5th century on maps by Macrobius, who uses the term Australis on his maps.〔Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, (''Zonenkarte'' ). Retrieved 7 July 2014.〕
In the early 1800s, British explorer Matthew Flinders had popularized the naming of Australia after ''Terra Australis'', giving his rationale that there was "no probability" of finding any significant land mass anywhere more south than Australia.〔Matthew Flinders, (''A voyage to Terra Australis'' (Introduction) ). Retrieved 25 January 2013.〕 The continent that would come to be named Antarctica would be explored decades after Flinders' 1814 book on Australia, which he had titled ''A Voyage to Terra Australis'', and after his naming switch had gained popularity.
==Other names==
Terra Australis was one of several names applied to the largest landmass of what is now known as the continent of Australia, after its European discovery. Other names for the hypothetical landmass have included ''Terra Australis Ignota'', ''Terra Australis Incognita'' ("The unknown land of the South") or ''Terra Australis Nondum Cognita'' ("The Southern Land Not Yet Known"). Other names for the hypothetical continent have included ''Brasiliae Australis'', ''Magallanica'' or ''Magellanica'' ("the land of Magellan"), ''La Australia del Espíritu Santo'' (Spanish: "the southern land of the Holy Spirit"), and ''La grande isle de Java'' (French: "the great island of Java"). Other names actually used for the continent were New Holland and Australia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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